The IRS provides guidance to nonprofits on domestic content requirements under direct pay

In December 2023, the IRS issued Notice 2024-9, which details how "applicable entities" can satisfy the Inflation Reduction Act's domestic content requirements when using elective pay (which is often called "direct pay"). In particular, projects beginning construction on or after January 1, 2024 may have the value of their tax credit reduced if domestic content requirements are not met.

The IRS refers to the time-based credit reductions as the "statutory elective payment phaseouts."

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Applicable credits

The required use of domestic content under elective pay applies to the following credits:

• §45: Electricity produced from certain renewable sources
• §45Y: Clean electricity production credit (technology-neutral PTC)
• §48: Energy credit
• §48E: Clean electricity investment credit (technology-neutral ITC)

Details for each credit can be found in our overview of IRA tax credits.

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Applicable entities

Applicable entities subject to the statutory elective payment phaseouts include:

• Organizations exempt from income tax
• Any state or political subdivision thereof
• The Tennessee Valley Authority
• An Indian tribal government
• Rural energy cooperatives
• Alaska Native corporations

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Credit reduction

The percentage of credit available to an applicable entity making a direct pay election is determined by multiplying the credit value by an "applicable percentage." Applicable percentages are as follows:

• 100%: Project meets domestic content requirements and/or has a net output of less than one megawatt (alternating current)
• 90%: Project begins construction on or after January 1, 2024 and doesn't meet either of the "100%" requirements
• 85%: Project begins construction on or after January 1, 2025 and doesn't meet either of the "100%" requirements
• 0%: Project begins construction on or after January 1, 2026 and doesn't meet either of the "100%" requirements

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Exceptions

The IRS provided two exceptions to the domestic content requirement. If either exception applies, the applicable percentage is 100%.

• ‍Increased cost exception: The inclusion of steel, iron, or manufactured products that are produced in the U.S. increases the project's overall costs of construction by more than 25%‍
• Non-availability exception: The relevant steel, iron, or manufactured products are not produced in the U.S. in sufficient and reasonably available quantities or of satisfactory quality

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Attestation

Applicable entities can claim one of the above exceptions from the phaseout by attaching an attestation to the relevant tax form claiming the credit – form 8835 or form 3468.

The attestation must:

• Be signed by an individual with the power to bind the applicable entity in federal tax matters
• Be made under the penalties of perjury
• State that the entity has reviewed the requirements for each exception and has made a good faith determination that one or both apply

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